Validity - Appropriateness Of The Instrument - 758 Words

Validity - 131 – appropriateness of the interpretations of the instrument used in studies. The score of the verbal portion of the SAT, measures the student’s vocabulary. The same portion will not measure the student’s mathematical ability. 2. Reliability - 137 – the extent of consistency, stability, and dependability of scores of the participants and/or rater. If using more than one grader, the graders should trained together and produce similar scores. 3. Equivalence – 138 – the connection or relationship of two forms of the same test given to the same group of participants and comparing the scores of two different administrators. In a classroom setting, giving the same students two forms of equivalent tests (with the same content and level of difficulty) to determine if the graders produce similar scores. 4. Norm-referenced – 148 – interpretations that compare the participants with other participants, who have taken the same test, who are a well-defined reference group. This reference group should have similar characteristics; such as, age and grade level. Their performance is then measured in a rank order that measures the participant’s ability to others. National standardized tests usually report national norms, so that the score is compared to students across the nation. McMillan, J. H. (2012). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 5. Criterion-referenced – 149 – interpretations that compare the participants with aShow MoreRelatedBusiness Continuity Research921 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Continuity Research Research methods should contain research questions and hypothesis, present a research design, discuss participants, instruments used, the procedure, a data analysis plan, and the sample size justification (Anon., n.d.). The research design methods should be discussed, such as whether it was quantitative, qualitative, or mixed. The quantitative method assesses the participant responses on a measure. 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Is the research design clearly identified including a description of the data gathering instrument, its appropriateness, reliability and validity? 8. Was an appropriate measure used to analyze data and what was it? 9. Were any findings connected to the literature review, were any hypothesis supported, and were the findings appropriately presented? 10. Were theRead MoreQuestions On Material And Methods849 Words   |  4 Pagesaviation department at Auburn University, a refined draft of the questionnaire was distributed to 24 hotel managers (pilot study) in the US and Egypt. Based on feedback received from these managers, the instrument was modified to enhance readability, ambiguity, completeness, clarity and appropriateness of the questionnaire. Based on manager feedbacks and the reliability test of the pilot study, five items (R4, IP2, IP3, SRP5, ICP7) that had low loadings were excluded at the initial stage. 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This review of will evaluate the hits, misses, false positive errors, and false negative errors of this instrument and how to each area is applied in interpreting the construct measurement of this assessment tool. Although the Post Trau matic diagnostic Scale has consistentlyRead MoreEssay on Depression Inventory for the Elderly (Die)997 Words   |  4 Pagesto the afore-mentioned factual revelation, there has been an immense inclination towards conducting researches that are addressing the use of inventories or instruments for evaluating the symptoms of depression especially in the elderly community of the social order. For such assessments there are several depression-rating scales and instruments currently available for the practitioners of this field. However, most of these scales were not originally designed for the elderly and lack proper validationRead MoreResearch Methodology. 3.1. Introduction. This Part Will1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first time and thus happened to be original in character. Primary data will generate from the subjects of the study through questionnaire and in order to realize the target the study will use a well designed structured questionnaire as a best instrument and it will be de velop for employees at woreda level. The questionnaire contain information related to employee performance will be collected in a 5 point liker scales ranging from 5(strongly agree) to 1(strongly disagree) will be used. In orderRead MoreThe Information Assessment Method1038 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is used for Continuing Medical Education (CME) and knowledge translation. Previously, IAM has been validated in the Pull context (information retrieval). IAM remains to be validated in the Push context (information delivery). 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Reality Is A Hard Trail - 1305 Words

Reality is a hard trail that everyone in the world has to face. Reality comes with many aspects that are constantly changing and that can be confusing or scary to many people. Coming to terms with reality is difficult sometimes but, no one must shy from aspects of reality for that reason. If they were to shy away and hide themselves from knowledge or experience then they will never be able to overcome their conflictions with the issue. In order to grow, people have to properly come to understand and face harsh realities. There are no safe spaces or trigger warnings in most places of the world. That’s the lesson that the incoming students of University of Chicago, whom may expect the inclusion of ‘trigger warning’ and ‘safe spaces’ into the education system, need to understand. A safe space is an area located anywhere, where anyone can escape from things they find harmful, such as controversial topics or different ideals. They are also able to fully e xpress themselves, without having to worry about being uncomfortable, unwelcome, or unsafe. A trigger warning is an essentially a warning that the presented content through verbal or visual means, may be considered disturbing or upsetting to many. Some students of Chicago University may think that their school is in need of these concepts in order to protect themselves however the University has rejected the idea in a letter they sent, on the basis that it could prove harmful to their academic freedom. The University ofShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast The Klondike Gold Rush1457 Words   |  6 Pagesjourney was solely over which trail they decided to take to get to the mining fields. There were two main trails that gold-seekers got to choose and their names were the Chilkoot Trail and the White Pass Trail. 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Arete in the republic Essay Example For Students

Arete in the republic Essay Plato is one of the greatest philosophers ever. Born in Athens, in 427 BC, and died in 347 BC. Socrates taught him. Socrates not only taught Plato, but was also Platos best friend. Socrates was put to death in 399 BC, because of his ideas. After Socrates death, Plato devoted his life to philosophy (Plato). In Platos book The Republic, the main focus is on justice, and trying to define what justice exactly is. In this book Socrates speaks Platos ideas. Through the Socratic method of trying to find a definition of justice, the theory of arete is often used, and is a central part of the book. Arete is the ability of something to do what it is supposed to do, and do it well. It is virtue, skill, and knowledge. The function of the soul is to live. The virtue (arete) of the soul is to live well. Through trying to define justice, Plato often uses the concept of arete. Thrasymachus says that justice is simply what the ruling party calls right or just. They call what is in the interest of the stronger party, or the rulers, justice (Grube 338c). Socrates responds by saying that the rulers should only by regarded in how well they perform their function. Their function being to serve the interest of the people which he rules, not his own interest (338c). Socrates says that everything has a function:The function of a pruning knife is to prune trees; the function of the eye is to see. Also, everything has a virtue; a virtue is a quality that makes something perform its function well. Thus, sharpness is the virtue of a knife; sight is the virtue of the eye. Now the function of man is to live. What, then, is his virtue? Well we agreed that injustice is a source of disunity and chaos; so it is a defect. Its opposite, justice, must there fore be a virtue, if not the only virtue, of man. But without its virtue, a thing cannot perform its function well. So without justice, a man cannot live well. And if he cannot live well, he cannot be happy. Injustice, then, cannot bring happiness. With out even using the word arete, he has just defined its concept (Cliffs 16). When trying to organize his state Socrates is describing what the state will need in order to be just. He says that each man will be assigned the job that he is best suited for. Each man will only get one job, so he can devote his life to that job, and do it well (Grube 369a-370c). They will need farmers, builders, and tailors, among others. But they will also need someone to make the tools for these people, in order for them to perform their tasks well (Cliffs 23). The guardians of the state have an extremely important job. For them to be able to perform their task well, they have to be selected and trained very carefully. They have to be courageous, and strong. They need to know when, and when not to attack. They must have knowledge and a love of knowledge in order to be able to discriminate well. These guardians are not just soldiers. They are the leaders of the state. They must have a philosophic temperament (Cliffs 23-28). In order for the guardians to perform their task well, they must be very carefully educated and trained. While they are children Socrates wants them to learning of the gods, and heroes. But he does not want them to learn the stories in which the gods commit murders and crimes. He is afraid that this may corrupt them. They must also never learn of stories, which will make them afraid of death. So they must never learn of the afterlife, and the underworld. They must only learn of the stories that will have good moral affects on them (Grube 392a-c). In other words, Plato uses censorship as an educational and persuasive tool. .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 , .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .postImageUrl , .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 , .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:hover , .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:visited , .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:active { border:0!important; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:active , .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2 .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a6fb8cb70ebafb18f0ba96cd56104e2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ============================================================ Medicine: EssayThe guardians are then divided into two groups. The rulers, who will govern the state, and the auxiliaries, who will assist the rulers and enforce their decisions. The rulers will consist only of the very best guardians. They are the older wiser men. All of their actions must be directed toward the community as a whole (Cliffs 28-30). The rest of the community is the craftsmen, or all the rest of the citizens who do not govern or protect the state. This group consists of the doctors, farmers, and laborers. These three classes have the four great virtues: wisdom, courage, discipline (temperance), and justice. Wisdom is found in the ruling class. For they judge what is right and wrong, good and bad. Courage is found in the auxiliaries. Discipline (temperance) does not fit into any one class alone. Discipline is a mastery of ones self; and is found in the way the classes relate to each other. Justice can only be found when the three prior virtues are there. And the three prior virtues can only be found when everyone does their jobs, and does them well (Cliffs 34). This has defined a just state. A just man is also very closely defined. There are three parts of the mind, and these relate to the three classes of the state. Reason corresponds to the rulers. Emotion corresponds to the auxiliaries. And desire corresponds to the craftsmens class. The four cardinal virtues will again only be present if the three parts of the mind perform their function well. Wisdom comes from wise reasoning, in the reasoning part of the mind. Courage comes from a courageous emotional mind. Discipline again does not fit into any one part, but only comes when the other tow parts interact well with each other. A mans reason must be in charge of his emotions and desires (Grube 434d-435a). Justice again is only present when the other three parts of the mind perform their functions well. They must all play their proper functions and not interfere with each other. Justice in the mind is like health in the body. A just man is one whose mind is in good order; A healthy man is one whose body is in good order. (Cliffs 38-39)Socrates has now said that a philosopher will make the best ruler. A philosopher will always be able to administer justice and act for the good of the community. A philosopher will always be honest and forthright. They will be well disciplined and not give into bodily desires. Money and possessions will not matter to them. They will not be cowardly. They will poses all four cardinal virtues. They will be best able to rule the state, and rule it well (Cliffs 41-44). He also goes on to say that to grow up to be a good ruler, their lives must be divided into six stages, as a child. Up until the age of 18 they will learn a small amount of mathematics, warfare, and watch battles. Then the best of that group will go through intense physical and military training for two-three years. The best of that group is now chosen and will take an advanced mathematics course, for ten years. Those not chosen from this group will form the auxiliary class. At the age of 30 after the mathematics course is completed, another selection is made. The best of this group will study dialectic for five years. At the age of 35 they will be philosophers. They will then have to receive practical experience. At the age of 50 they are now fully formed philosophy rulers (Grube 535a-540a). This process will enable the rulers to do their job well, which will in turn enable everyone they rule to do their jobs well, and to live well. .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 , .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .postImageUrl , .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 , .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:hover , .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:visited , .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:active { border:0!important; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:active , .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6 .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c05839936e347a972f3b7bcb4fc73c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Effects of Anabolic Steroids EssayThe concept of arete is not hard to understand, but it is hard to put into words. Although he never uses the word arete in his book, Plato does put it into words, just by trying to define justice. Bibliography:WORKS CITED1.Cliffs notes on. PLATOS THE REPUBLIC. Lincoln, Nebraska:19972.Grube, G.M.A.(translated by). Plato REPUBLIC. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, INC. 19923.Plato. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia.99.Dec 2, 1999

The Legalization Of Marijuana Essays - Cannabis In The United States

The Legalization Of Marijuana In the 1960's, Humbolt County, CA was in a state of recession. The county's main form of industry (logging) had all but closed down, and the residents were facing a countywide depression. However, by the early 1980's, Humbolt's economy was flourishing. Although the expansion couldn't be found on the reported per capita income, somehow money was being spread throughout the economy. Where did this money come from? Humbolt County is a perfect spot for marijuana to be grown, and it was the money that the growers had been making that was keeping the economy going. After the government began to heavily enforce drug laws in this area, the county went back into its state of depression, and the financial aid that the marijuana growers could have added to the economy was disposed of (Rosenthal, p. 37). Although the legalization of marijuana might have some adverse affects on the economy, the pros of legalization far outweigh the cons. There are many economic reasons proving that legalizing marijuana would help our economy, some relate directly and others indirectly. The first thing that one must look at when considering the pros of legalization would have to be the direct benefits. The direct benefits are going to be the astronomical amount of money the government would make in taxes, sales etc. (Marshal, p. 92). First of all, if marijuana were legalized the first thing that would happen would be a drop in the price of the drug. The price would drop due to the fact that it would no longer have to be sold on the black market (Rosenthal, p. 38). The cheaper price and greater availability would mean increased usage. It is estimated, that if marijuana were legalized, and prices were dropped a fair 50% and usage increased only a little bit, marijuana sales could gross anywhere from $50-$53 billion dollars (Rosenthal, p. 39). That right there is a huge amount of money that would no doubt aid the United States' economy. However, there are other direct benefits to consider. The $50-$53 billion would only come from sales alone. The government could make more money by charging vice, manufacturing and state taxes. It is believed that taxes and fees such as these would gross about another $7-$10 billion (Rosenthal, p. 39). Many other benefits could also be directly related to the legalization of marijuana. If it were legalized, it would create a whole new industry. And of course, this new industry would need employees, which means more jobs for the unemployed (Maertz, Jim ?interview w/ Ms. Wara, 10/29/98). Also with this new industry would come the ability to legally export this drug. Due to the advancements in American farm technology it is believed that we would become main exporters of marijuana. Rather then spending about $5-$7 billion per year on illegally importing the drug, legalization would probably generate about $60 million to $1 billion dollars, and at the same time save that $5-$7 billion spent on importation. The legalization of marijuana could help balance the U.S. trade deficit (Rosenthal, p. 42). Obviously the direct affects of legalized marijuana would aid our economy. However, the indirect benefits of legalization would also help dramatically. If marijuana were made legal, it would send economic ripples throughout the U.S. that would create a better economy (Marshal, p. 83). For example, related paraphernalia would see an increase in demand (i.e. pipes, bongs, etc). More money would be spent on these or items like these, which means a better economy (Rosenthal, p. 39). Another factor we must consider, would be hemp. Hemp is a non-psychoactive form of marijuana; the only reason it is outlawed is because it is similar to marijuana in some aspects but not all. The only real reason it is against the law is to make enforcing marijuana laws easier (no gray areas of the law). But hemp has many practical applications in the world today. Hemp contains the one of the strongest fibers in the plant kingdom; it could be used for either industrial or commercial applications. It is also used to make a non-deteriorating paper, that is pollution free. After pressing hemp seeds, the result is a good animal feed; in central Asia it